Henry Knox, the Secretary of War, ordered Harmar to end the threat of American Indian attack in western Ohio. army in the Northwest Territory, was stationed at Fort Washington (present-day Cincinnati, Ohio). In 1790, Josiah Harmar, commander of the U.S. Most of Ohio's American Indians had been driven from the eastern portion of the state during the American Revolution, although many American Indians still hunted in this area. Warfare increased, especially in the western portions of modern-day Ohio. They claimed that the groups represented at the treaty negotiations did not speak for them. Many of Ohio's American Indians refused to honor the treaty, including the Shawnee. The Treaty of Fort Harmar did little to stop the bloodshed between the United States and the American Indians. The American Indian leaders signed the Treaty of Fort Harmar, which reiterated the terms of the Treaty of Fort McIntosh, on January 9, 1789. He also sought their friendship with three thousand dollars in presents. Clair told the American Indians he would attack them if they refused to abide by the Treaty of Fort McIntosh. A northern border from Fort Wayne to Lake Erie followed the shore of the lake east to the Cuyahoga River. A western border ran north from Pickawillany to the St. A southern border extended from modern-day Akron west to the Tuscarawas River, south to Fort Laurens, then west to Pickawillany on the Miami River. They were confined to the western corner of modern-day Ohio with a border that roughly followed the Cuyahoga River on the east.
Under the Treaty of Fort McIntosh, Ohio's American Indians were to relinquish their lands in southern and eastern Ohio. Clair refused and demanded that the American Indian leaders agree to a reservation boundary established by the Treaty of Fort McIntosh in 1785. Clair would agree to establish an American Indian reservation consisting of the land west of the Muskingum River and north of the Ohio River. These attending American Indians hoped that St. The American Indian nations present included representatives from the Wyandot, the Delaware, the Ottawa, the Chippewa, the Potawatomi, and the Sauk. The meeting took place at Fort Harmar and began on December 13, 1788. Clair called for a meeting with American Indian leaders to negotiate an agreement. Clair, the governor of the Northwest Territory, establish a peaceful relationship between the settlers and the American Indians of the region. Henry Knox, the Secretary of War, requested that Arthur St. The United States government lacked the funds to equip an army to deal with the so-called American Indian threat adequately. settlers moved onto land that several groups of American Indians had long claimed as their own. The conflicts that followed became known as the Ohio Indian Wars.ĭuring the late 1780s, the Northwest Territory was a violent place as U.S. After the signing of Treaty of Paris, settlers faced few obstacles in moving to the Ohio Country other than from the American Indians themselves. settlers moved quickly into the Ohio Country at the end of the Revolution. Unfortunately for the American Indians, U.S. The British hoped that the American Indians, with British weapons, would stop the westward expansion by the newly independent United States. They continued to trade guns and other European manufactured goods for native furs. Despite this, the British did not abandon the American Indians. Great Britain made little effort to include their American Indian allies in the treaty's terms. The American Indians in the Ohio Country took no formal part in the treaty negotiations. In addition, the new nation secured all of the land east of the Mississippi River except for British possessions in Canada and Spanish territory in Florida. The Treaty of Paris (1783) brought the Revolution to a close and Great Britain recognized the independence of the United States. Great Britain's action resulted in part in the American Revolution. The British government attempted to improve relations with the American Indians already residing in the Ohio territory by prohibiting white settlement in the Ohio Country. With France's defeat in the French and Indian War, Great Britain acquired this territory in 1763. Each group sought to form alliances with American Indians in the region.
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The Ohio Indian Wars were a series of struggles between settlers from the newly independent United States and American Indian residents of the Ohio Country in the years after the American Revolution.ĭuring the first part of the eighteenth century, French and British colonists began to migrate to modern-day Ohio. Illustration of the Battle of Fallen Timbers, one of many Ohio Indian Wars.
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